It was built on a rocky promontory above the Marne River, and still preserves some of its medieval fortifications, which afford panoramic views of the Marne Valley, the Langres plateau and the Vosges. But when, contrary to expectation, the inhabitants remained unharmed and lost none of their property, they returned to their loyalty, and handed over to me seventy thousand armed men.”Their capital was called Andematunnum, then Lingones, now Langres in the Haute-Marne, France. The Lingones may have helped sack Rome in 390 BCE.The Gaulish Lingones were thoroughly Romanized by the 1st century, living in a rich and urbanized society in the region of Langres and Dijon and minting coins, but getting caught up in the Batavian rebellion (69 CE), described by Tacitus.The strategist Sextus Julius Frontinus, author of the Strategematicon, the earliest surviving Roman military textbook, mentions the Lingones among his examples of successful military tactics:“In the war waged under the auspices of the Emperor Caesar Domitianus Augustus Germanicus and begun by Julius Civilis in Gaul, the very wealthy city of the Lingones, which had revolted to Civilis, feared that it would be plundered by the approaching army of Caesar. These Lingones were part of a wave of Celtic tribes that included the Boii and Senones (Polybius, Histories ii.17). Some of the Lingones migrated across the Alps and settled near the mouth of the Po River in Cisalpine Gaul of northern Italy around 400 BCE. With that change, the tribe, after hundreds of years of failed experiments in economic development, began the process of becoming self-sufficient and investing in a functioning, modern government.Cultures > Lingones LingonesThe Lingones were a Celtic tribe that originally lived in Gaul in the area of the headwaters of the Seine and Marne rivers. It was not until 2000 that the Rincon Band, like many other tribes in California, won the right to engage in gaming as the result of a voter-approved change to the State Constitution. For the Rincon people, gaming would mean the realization and return of self-government. A hunger for self-sufficiency, freedom from poverty, and the vision of independency from unreliable and humiliating federal taxpayer-supported programs motivated many tribes to enter into the risky new business of gaming. With the changes and possibilities arising from gaming as a means of economic development, a vision of independence was born. Tribes began experimenting with various forms of gaming, and an era of prosperity for many was born. However, in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s things began to look up for tribal governments. Tribal Government Gaming Fuels Economic Development To regional non-profits and public agencies that support quality of life Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians award hundreds of thousands of dollars annually Through job creation, the purchase of local products and services, and tax Tribal enterprises are significant contributors to the San Diego County economy At no cost to taxpayers, Rincon’s public safety operations respond to emergencies in the neighboring communities, with a majority of calls generated outside the reservation. The government also funds a highly respected and well-equipped tribal fire department, ambulance and paramedic unit, and contracts with the San Diego Sheriff, delivering increased patrols on the Rincon Reservation, and in the Valley Center community. The Rincon Band owns Harrah’s Resort Southern California (formerly known as Harrah’s Rincon Resort and Casino) and uses profits from this and other commercial enterprises to provide government services such as police and environmental enforcement, health, youth, seniors, recreation and culture programs, economic development, and a tribal court. The tribe has a “Trust Relationship” with the federal government, and, like state governments, is responsible for enforcing all applicable federal laws from environmental to taxation on the reservation. Rincon has powers equal to a city, county, or state. The tribe is not a subdivision of the county or state, but is a federally recognized sovereign government. Established in 1875, the Rincon Band is a sovereign government recognized by the United States of America.ĭemocratically elected by a majority vote of tribal members, the Rincon council has the executive, legislative, and legal authority and responsibility to protect and promote the welfare of the tribal members and jurisdiction over the reservation land. The Rincon Band of Luiseño Indians occupies a 5,000-acre reservation in Valley Center, CA.
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